tramadol!

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Tramadol

Tramadol (marketed as the hydrochloride salt by Janssen Pharmaceutica as Ultram in the United States, Ralivia by Biovail in
Canada and many other companies throughout the world) is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. The drug has a wide range of applications, including treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, restless legs syndrome, motor neurone disease and fibromyalgia.[citation needed] It was launched and marketed as Tramal by the German pharmaceutical company Grünenthal GmbH in 1972]
Tramadol is a weak μ-opioid receptor agonist, a serotonin releaser and a reuptake inhibitor of norepinephrine. Tramadol is metabolized to O-desmethyltramadol, a significantly more potent μ-opioid agonist. Tramadol and its major metabolite(s) are distinguished from other more potent opioid agonists by relative selectivity for μ-opioid receptors.

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Tramadol

[The drug has a wide range of applications, including treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, restless legs syndrome, motor neurone disease and fibromyalgia..[/left]



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Someone explain to me the underlined condition please

[m!sS Nah!D]

Someone explain to me the underlined condition please

RLS also known as Willis-Ekbom disease (WED) or Wittmaack-Ekbom syndrome, is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations It most commonly affects the legs, but can affect the arms, torso, head, and even phantom limbs Moving the affected body part modulates the sensations, providing temporary relief.
The severity of RLS symptoms ranges from mild to intolerable. Symptoms can come and go and severity can also vary. The symptoms are generally worse in the evening and at night and less severe in the morning. For some people, symptoms may cause severe nightly sleep disruption that can significantly impair a person's quality of life.
Additionally, most individuals with WED/RLS suffer from periodic limb movement disorder (limbs jerking during sleep), which is an objective physiologic marker of the disorder and is associated with sleep disruption.[5]
Some controversy surrounds the marketing of drug treatments for WED/RLS. It is a "spectrum" disease with some people experiencing only a minor annoyance and others suffering major disruption of sleep and significant impairments in quality of life.



Disease mechanism

Most research on the disease mechanism of Willis-Ekbom Disease/restless legs syndrome has focused on the dopamine and iron system.These hypotheses are based on the observation that iron and levodopa, a pro-drug of dopamine that can cross the blood–brain barrier and is metabolized in the brain into dopamine_as well as other mono-amine neurotransmitters of the catecholamine class_ can be used to treat RLS, levodopa being a medicine for treating hypodopaminergic (low dopamine) conditions such as Parkinson's disease, and also on findings from functional brain imaging_such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging_autopsy series and animal experiments Differences in dopamine- and iron-related markers have also been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with RLS.A connection between these two systems is demonstrated by the finding of low iron levels in the substantia nigra of RLS patients, although other areas may also be involved.

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Someone explain to me the underlined condition please

[ patients, although other areas may also be involved.[/center]

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